CALVARIA MEDICAL JOURNAL

Layanan Telemedicine dari sisi Etika Kedokteran

dika nursyafa — 2024-12-31

Latar Belakang: Pelayanan kesehatan yang awalnya dilakukan secara konvensional antara dokter dan pasien, namun dengan berkembangnya teknologi pelayanan kesehatan dapat dilaksanakan dengan pemanfaatan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi yaitu telemedicine. Namun penggunaan telemedicine masih mengalami dilema dari etika kedokteran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui layanan telemedicine dari sisi etika kedokteran berdasarkan literatur review. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur review. Metode: Studi literatur review dengan melakukan penelusuran jurnal penelitian yang dipublikasikan di internet menggunakan search engine dengan kata kunci telemedicine, ethic medical, Kemudian dilakukan metode screening dengan cara pilihan 5 tahun, artikel berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris. Didapatkan 20 jurnal yang dilakukan review Analisis data menggunakan teknik naratif (metasintesis). Hasil review menunjukkan sejumlah kecil penelitian mengidentifikasi masalah etika yang terkait dengan praktik telemedicine dan mendiskusikannya potensi dampaknya terhadap kualitas dan efektivitas layanan, penelitian mengenai bagaimana prinsip-prinsip etika diterapkan masih terbatas ke dalam praktik klinis. Hasil: Beberapa penelitian mengusulkan kerangka kerja, kode etik, atau pedoman, namun hanya ada sedikit diskusi atau pedoman bukti bagaimana rekomendasi ini digunakan untuk meningkatkan praktik telehealth yang etis. Kesimpulan: telemedicine memberikan nilai tambah dalam hal aksesibilitas pasien ke dokter dalam meningkatkan tindak lanjut patologi kronis, namun masih terdapat kendala dari sisi etika kedokteran yang mengacu pada prinsip bioetika beneficence, non‐maleficence, autonomy, dan justice.

Analysis of the Relationship between Maternal Characteristics and the Incident of Stunting in Indonesia

Anike Novita D. Mirin — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Mothers have an important role in the family, mothers are the heart of the family because mothers play a role in raising and caring for children which influences the child's growth and development. Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in toddlers which is characterized by shorter height compared to children their age. Globally, the prevalence of stunting is still high, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Based on data from the National Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) and Riskesdas in 2022, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 21.6%, down from 24.4% in 2021. Objective: To analyze the relationship between maternal characteristics and the incidence of stunting in Indonesia. Method: This type of research is a literature review that uses previous research from national and international journals as a reference for drawing conclusions. Results: Of the 25 articles, 17 articles were found discussing maternal characteristics, including 5 articles about maternal height, 10 articles about birth spacing, 7 articles about upper arm circumference, 10 articles about maternal nutritional status and 3 articles about anemia, there were 4 articles about work mothers and 17 articles about maternal education. Conclusion: Maternal characteristics associated with the incidence of stunting are maternal height less than 150 cm, pregnancy interval less than 2 years, maternal upper arm circumference (LILA) below 23.5 cm, mothers with poor nutritional status and anemia, mothers who do not work and low maternal education

Approach of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Arif Rahman Nurdianto — 2024-12-30

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting around 5-10% of women of reproductive age. Symptoms of PCOS include menstrual irregularities, infertility, and elevated androgen levels. Various therapies have been explored to address these issues, one of which is Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT), known for its ability to enhance tissue healing, reduce inflammation, and improve hormonal balance. However, the effects of HBOT on PCOS patients require further investigation. Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in reducing PCOS symptoms and improving patients' quality of life. Method: This research employs a literature review methodology, collecting data from various relevant articles and journals on Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in PCOS patients. The sources were selected based on strict inclusion criteria, focusing on studies that examine the physiological and hormonal effects of HBOT on PCOS patients. Results: The reviewed studies suggest that HBOT shows potential in reducing PCOS symptoms, particularly in regulating menstrual cycles and lowering androgen levels. Other positive effects include improved insulin sensitivity and ovarian health. However, further research with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-ups is necessary to provide more consistent results. Conclusion: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy could be a potential adjunctive treatment for PCOS patients, though more research is needed to confirm its long-term benefits and underlying mechanisms

The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) on Triglyceride Levels in Hypercholesterolamic Rattus Novergicus

Evanri Matthew Silitonga — 2024-12-31

Pendahuluan: Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyebab terjadinya penyakit jantung koroner. Sebagian besar kolesterol dalam tubuh dibentuk melalui dua jalur utama, yaitu jalur eksogen yang berasal dari makanan dan jalur endogen yang disintesis di dalam tubuh. Lada hitam (Piper Nigrum L) telah lama digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah kesehatan, termasuk gangguan lipid. Kedua tumbuhan ini mengandung senyawa-senyawa aktif seperti polifenol dan flavonoid yang memiliki potensi dalam menurunkan kadar trigliserida. Cymbopogon citratus adalah tanaman tahunan aromatik yang penting secara ekonomi dari keluarga Poaceae. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Lada Hitam (Piper nigrum L) dan Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Pada Rattus Novergicus Yang Hiperkolesterolamia. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan penelitiannya adalah post-test only controlled group design. Pada penelitian ini terbagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu 3 kelompok kontrol berupa kelompok kontrol negatif (K-), kelompok kontrol positif (K+) dan kelompok perlakuan sebanyak 4 kelompok (P1, P2, P3, dan P4). Hasil: Hasil didapatkan rata-rata pengaruh ekstrak yang terbentuk pada kontrol negatif memiliki rata-rata sebesar 36,51, kontrol positif memiliki rata-rata sebesar 108.80, lada hitam 200mg memiliki rata-rata sebesar 66,02, lada hitam 500mg memiliki rata-rata sebesar 36,72, serai 200mg sebesar 50,26, dan serai 500mg sebesar 47,71. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak lada hitam yang dapat menurunkan kadar trigliserida lebih baik adalah lada hitam dengan kadar 200mg sedangkan untuk ekstrak serai yang dapat menurunkan kadar trigliserida lebih baik adalah serai dengan kadar 200 mg.

Relationship between Anxiety Level and the Onset of Acne vulgaris in University Students

Sanisca Puspaciwi — 2024-12-31

Background: One of the most common skin diseases found in young people is acne. The problem of acne will adversely affect the mentality of the sufferer. This study aims to analyse and determine the relationship between anxiety levels and the onset of Acne vulgaris in medical education students at Wijaya Kusuma University Surabaya class of 2020-2021. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional analytical observational research design, the population in this study were all students of the Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University Surabaya class of 2020-2021, totalling 156 students. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, with the calculation of the slovin formula, so that the number of samples is 70 respondents. The study used primary data and the analysis used was the chi square test. Result: The results showed that the level of anxiety in medical education students at Wijaya Kusuma University Surabaya Class of 2020-2021 was mostly in the high category. The description of the occurrence of Acne vulgaris in scientific students of Wijaya Kusuma University Surabaya class of 2020-2021 is mostly in the frequent category. There is a relationship between anxiety levels and the onset of Acne vulgaris in medical education students at Wijaya Kusuma University Surabaya class of 2020-2021

Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Wonomerto Public Health Center, Probolinggo Regency in 2023

Moch Lukman Malik — 2024-12-31

Background: Diabetes is a serious non-communicable disease in which insulin cannot be produced maximally by the pancreas. In Indonesia, diabetes remains a significant health issue, with the number of patients increasing each year in line with population growth, aging, unhealthy lifestyle habits, poor diet, unhealthy diet practices, and obesity. Objectives: of this study is to identify the risk factors that can cause type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Wonomerto Health Center, Probolinggo Regency. Method: This study used an observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Results: The main results include statistical analysis. Conclusion: The study results show that risk factors such as gender, genetics, physical activity, and diet are associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Wonomerto Health Center, Probolinggo Regency. However, age is not a risk factor associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Wonomerto Health Center, Probolinggo Regency.

The Relationship between Anemia in Pregnant Women and Baby's Weight at Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal

Desmatika Aulia Putri — 2024-12-31

This research was motivated by an increase in the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women, namely according to (Riskesdas) in 2013, it was stated that the increase in the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women increased from 37.1% to 48.9%. Meanwhile, in Central Java Province, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is 43.5%. The impact caused by a pregnant mother suffering from anemia is that it inhibits the growth and development of the fetus in her womb. Apart from that, it can cause bleeding during the birth process, the baby is born with a low body weight, decreased intelligence, the baby's immunity decreases and the baby easily suffers from malnutrition. The research carried out had the aim of finding out the relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the weight of newborn babies at RSUD Dr. H. SOEWONDO KENDAL 2020 – 2021. Data collection uses the statistical data set method which is the use of data that is already available or called secondary data. Meanwhile, the data test uses the Spearman Rank test method. The relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the weight of newborn babies can be seen from the significance value, where the significance value in this study used the Spearman Rank test, namely 0.707 (p=0.707) where when compared with the value α=0.05 then p > 0 .05. So it shows that there is no relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the weight of newborn babies.

The Effect of Peperomia pellucida Extract Administration on the Reduction of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) Expression in the Kidneys of Male Wistar Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Maria Fransiska Nerawati — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Exposure to cigarette smoke causes oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through free radicals. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that exacerbates kidney inflammation. The administration of exogenous antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents is expected to prevent kidney injury caused by cigarette smoke exposure. Peperomia pellucida, also known as "sirih cina," is a plant known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to investigate the effect of Peperomia pellucida extract on the reduction of TNF-α expression in the kidneys of male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.Methods: This true experimental study used a post-test only control group design with male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks, obtained from the Experimental Animal Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya. The sample consisted of 20 rats meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a body weight of approximately 180-200 grams. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test.Results: The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference between groups P1 and P2, with a significance value of 0.025. This indicates that the administration of Peperomia pellucida extract significantly reduced TNF-α expression in the kidneys of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.Conclusion: Administration of Peperomia pellucida extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day can reduce TNF-α expression in the kidneys of male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

The Influence of Routine Control on Recovery in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Lontar Community Health Center, Sambikerep Distrct, Surabaya City

Athalia N. Vionita — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Globally, tuberculosis is among the 10 biggest killer diseases. There were 10 million cases of tuberculosis in 2018, with 1.5 million deaths caused by the disease. Objective: This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of routine control on recovery in Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients at the Lontar Health Center, Sambikerep District, Surabaya City. Method: The nominal quantitative research method was used in this research. The research method used is the cross-sectional survey method, namely data collection is carried out retrospectively through observation of medical records to provide an overview of the treatment of Tuberculosis (TB) patients and evaluation of the results of the treatment. Results: Based on the results of the Spearman Rank test obtained from the SPSS 20.0 for Windows computer program, the p-value obtained is p = 0.00 which indicates that there is a relationship between routine control and recovery in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The results of the correlation coefficient show that the recovery of pulmonary TB patients is not only influenced by their compliance in routine check-ups at the health center, but also by various other supporting factors. Conclusion: Patients who undergo regular routine check-ups show a higher rate of recovery compared to patients who do not undergo check-ups consistently. This shows the importance of regular monitoring in supporting patient compliance with treatment and minimizing the risk of drug resistance.

Analysis of Antihypertensive Medication Adherence, QoL, and QALY in CKD Patients with Hypertension on Hemodialysis in RSUD RT Notopuro

Dyah Ayu Febiyanti — 2024-12-31

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) often face challenges that can decrease their quality of life. Adherence to medication, including antihypertensive therapy, is crucial in improving patients' quality of life. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between antihypertensive medication adherence and quality of life (QoL) and Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients with hypertension undergoing hemodialysis at RSUD R.T Notopuro Sidoarjo. Methods: Data were prospectively collected from questionnaires, medical records, pharmacy records, and hospital systems between September-November 2024. A total of 73 patients were selected using purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included CKD patients aged ≥18 years, undergoing HD, completing the questionnaires, and able to communicate effectively. The HillBone questionnaire was used to assess medication adherence, and the EQ5D5L questionnaire was used to measure quality of life. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s Rho correlation, Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square, independent t-test, and One Way Anova. Results: The majority of respondents were male (61.65%) and aged 51-60 years (45.21%). Of the 73 patients, 70 (95.89%) were non-adherent to antihypertensive medication. The average quality of life score was 0.752, QALY was 25.48, and VAS was 71.3. Significant relationships were found between medication adherence and QoL, utility values, and QALY (P=0.002), as well as between adherence and QoL (P=0.033). Conclusion: The majority of hemodialysis patients at RSUD RT. Notopuro Sidoarjo are non-adherent to antihypertensive medication, with a positive correlation between utility values (EQ5D5L) and QALY. Medication adherence affects patients' quality of life.

Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Hypertension Therapeutic Succes in Islamic Hospital at lamongan City

Vanessa Susanto Tjokro — 2024-12-31

Background: Socioeconomic status is one of the problems that people face when coming to a healthcare provider. In a developing country like Indonesia and other developing countries, socioeconomic status is strongly linked with the morbidity of a disease like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other generative diseases. The low level of education and household income is usually linked with the ignorance to search for a healthcare facility for their disease. Lamongan is one of the cities in East Java with about 300.000 hypertension patients. With that high number of diseases, this study aims to seek if there was any link between socioeconomic status and the success of hypertension therapy in the Islamic Hospital of Nasrul Ummah Lamongan. Methods: This study used 2 indicators to assess the socioeconomic status. They are education level (low or high) and household income (below or above Lamongan minimum regional salary). A cross-sectional design study is used in this study with a chi-square test for hypothesis Conclusion: The result from this study states that there is no link between socioeconomic status and the success of hypertension therapy.

The Relationship Between Knowledge About Infectious Diseases With Immunity Status of University Students

Eva Susmitha — 2024-12-31

Background: Infectious disease is one of the problems in the health sector which from time to time continues to grow. One of the efforts to increase immunity by increasing knowledge and behaviour so as to avoid infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge about infectious diseases and immunity status in FH UWKS students class of 2022. Methods: This research is included in observational research which is cross-sectional in nature. The population of this research was the students of Faculty of Law UWKS class of 2022 (120 students). The determination of the number of samples in this research used the gSlovin's formula, which was a total of 93 students, with a simple grandom sampling technique. The independent variable in this study was knowledge about infectious diseases and the dependent variable in the following study was community status. Data analysis technique using chi square. Result: The results concluded that FH UWKS Batch 2022 students had a level of knowledge about infectious diseases in the high category, namely 58,1% or 54 respondents, their immunity status was also mostly in the very good category, namely 84,9% or 79 respondents. Conclusion: This study also shows that there is a strong relationship between knowledge about infectious diseases and immunity status in FH UWKS Batch 2022 students, both variables are in the strong category with a value of 0.611

Chromosomal Analysis In a Couple with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (Case Study)

Rizel Antara — 2024-12-31

Background: Miscarriage is the termination of pregnancy before the fetus can live outside the womb. Miscarriage consists of spontaneous miscarriage and induced miscarriage. In Indonesia, the miscarriage rate reaches around 2 million with 10-15% having spontaneous miscarriages. Miscarriages that occur 2 or more times are defined as recurrent pregnancy loss. The incidence of recurrent pregnancy loss is increasing and is estimated to be experienced by around 1-5% of women in productive age. Recurrent pregnancy loss is multifactorial, including uterine anatomical abnormalities, autoimmune factors, endocrine and metabolic disorders, thrombosis, and genetic disorders. Genetic abnormalities include chromosomal abnormalities or mutations in genes. This study aims to determine the chromosomal profile in couples with recurrent miscarriage. Method: This study was a descriptive observational study. Chromosome analysis was performed on a couple with a history of three spontaneous miscarriages. Result: Karyotyping result of the couple were 46,XY and 46,XX. Conclusion: Chromosome analysis in couple with recurrent pregnancy loss in this case study showed no numerical or structural aberration.