Peran Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Dalam Diagnosis dan Patofisiologi Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik (PCOS): Sebuah Studi Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30742/cmj.v3i1.182Keywords:
Anti-Müllerian Hormone, Diagnosis, Folikulogenesis, Sindrom Ovarium PolikistikAbstract
Latar Belakang: Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) merupakan glikoprotein homodimerik yang disekresikan oleh sel granulosa folikel preantral dan antral kecil di ovarium. Peningkatan kadar AMH telah dilaporkan secara konsisten pada wanita dengan Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik (PCOS), berhubungan erat dengan peningkatan jumlah folikel kecil, gangguan maturasi folikel, dan hiperandrogenisme. Tingginya konsentrasi AMH tidak hanya mencerminkan aspek kuantitatif folikel ovarium, tetapi juga berkontribusi terhadap disfungsi ovarium yang menjadi ciri khas PCOS. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara sistematis literatur yang membahas peran AMH dalam aspek diagnosis serta mekanisme patofisiologi PCOS. Metode: Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui database elektronik PubMed, Google Scholar, dan Scopus menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci yang relevan. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil: Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa AMH memiliki potensi besar sebagai biomarker diagnostik tambahan dalam PCOS, dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang kompetitif dibandingkan metode konvensional seperti ultrasonografi. Selain itu, peningkatan kadar AMH berkontribusi dalam gangguan folikulogenesis melalui inhibisi pertumbuhan folikel dominan dan resistensi terhadap hormon perangsang folikel (FSH). Kesimpulan: Dengan demikian, AMH tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai indikator kuantitatif folikel ovarium, tetapi juga sebagai penanda fisiopatologi PCOS.
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